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La primera edición de Teoría pura del derecho (1934) constituye una exposición sintética y rigurosa de la concepción teórico-jurídica de Hans Kelsen. En ella se presenta una teoría general del derecho «depurada» de toda «contaminación» extrajurídica proveniente de las ciencias empíricas y de las ideologías. El método que la «teoría pura del derecho» proclama como idóneo es el método positivista, normativista y formalista, y su objeto viene delimitado por el sistema de normas jurídicas que componen el orden u ordenamiento jurídico, prescindiendo, pues, de todo elemento que no sea normativo. Dos diferencias sobresalen si se compara esta obra con la anterior versión sistemática elaborada por Kelsen —su Teoría general del Estado—: primera, el ir dirigida de manera directa a los problemas característicos de la teoría general del derecho; segunda, el ser mucho más breve y, por tanto, asequible al gran público lector de obras de derecho y de otras ciencias sociales. La presente edición española, a cargo del catedrático de Filosofía del derecho Gregorio Robles, ofrece la traducción fiel de la Reine Rechtslehre de 1934, aportando además una introducción tanto a la obra en concreto como a la biografía y al pensamiento de Hans Kelsen.
Hans Kelsen
HANS KELSEN (1881-1973) fue el fundador de la Escuela pura o vienesa del derecho que en el periodo de entreguerras se propuso reconstruir el derecho público desde la afirmación democrática de una concepción de lo normativo desprovista de factores no jurídicos. Le corresponde el mérito de haber introducido en la Constitución Austriaca de 1920 un Tribunal Constitucional encargado de garantizar el cumplimiento de la Ley Fundamental. Entre sus obras: Problemas Fundamentales de la Teoría Jurídica del Estado, 1911; Esencia y Valor de la Democracia, 1920; Socialismo y Estado, 1923; Teoría General del Estado, 1925; Teoría Pura del Derecho, 1934; Teoría Comunista del Derecho y del Estado, 1955; Su insobornable compromiso con la democracia le obligaría, primero a autoexiliarse de Austria, su patria natal, y después a enfrentarse intelectualmente con Schmitt, sin perder por ello la compostura académica que le llevaría a invitar a su rival a ocupar la Cátedra de derecho constitucional de Colonia. Terminará sus días en la Universidad de Berkeley.
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