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Pendant des siècles, la Russie est restée orpheline de grands peintres, concentrant le génie créatif sur la formalisation des icônes avec, par exemple, Rublev. Avec l’avènement de Pierre le Grand, c’est l’Europe des Lumières qui envahit cet empire réputé peu civilisé. Saint-Pétersbourg, émergeant des marais comme par miracle et grâce au génie d’un architecte italien, est pendant plus d’un siècle un centre important de culture et de rencontre. Le tsar, tout puissant, et plus tard la Grande Catherine permettront des échanges entre les artistes russes et européens. De cette rencontre naîtra une peinture russe, souvent inspirée par l’Italie et ses couleurs, et mêlée aux traditions de l’âme russe. Il faudra attendre le XIXe siècle pour qu’émerge une véritable peinture nationale avec les Ambulants et les peintres de la Rose bleue. Puis viendra la période des révolutions, qui conduira à l’avant-garde russe et au modernisme. Tout au long de ce livre, l’auteur s’interroge sur la culture russe qui, selon lui, est la résultante d’éléments provenant aussi bien de l’Est que de l’Ouest. Ces deux influences sont ainsi mises en évidence dans les peintures et illustrations qui, couvrant tous les genres et tous les styles, prouvent alors une étonnante variété picturale. Des artistes comme Borovikovski, Serov, Vroubel, Brioullov, Fedotov, Répine, Chichkine et Lévitan, parmi tant d’autres, apportent ainsi leur fondamentale contribution à l’histoire de l’art universel. Après la chute du communisme, Peter Leek remet en perspective l’évolution constitutive de l’histoire de la peinture russe.