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La magnitud de la cuantía de los ingresos públicos que se estima que dejan de recibir los Estados como consecuencia del comportamiento tributario elusivo/abusivo o la planificación tributaria agresiva viene marcando la agenda internacional en los últimos años. Esta situación ha provocado el replanteamiento de los modelos tributarios, tratando de acotar en un contexto transnacional dichos abusos. A pesar del impulso legislativo, la elusión tributaria (y sus lindes) es una de las figuras que mayor inseguridad jurídica genera a los contribuyentes que, actuando aparentemente de acuerdo con lo contenido en la normativa, en su búsqueda del modo menos gravoso de tributar, en ocasiones no pueden predecir el resultado de su decisión porque la jurisprudencia muestra fallos distintos para los mismos comportamientos tributarios. En este contexto, las preguntas que dan lugar al desarrollo de la investigación no alcanzan sólo al ámbito estrictamente jurídico, sino que deben abarcar el fenómeno del comportamiento tributario (cumplidor y fraudulento) y giran en torno a por qué, cuándo y cómo cumplen o incumplen el mandato de las leyes tributarias los contribuyentes. Para ello, en esta obra analizamos el fenómeno de la elusión tributaria y sus contornos mediante el análisis de la jurisprudencia y la inclusión de la evidencia científica que aportan otras disciplinas como la psicología en el contexto tributario. Los resultados alcanzados en la investigación ponen de relieve la posibilidad de abrir un nuevo camino, donde el Derecho Tributario se apoye en el resto de las ciencias que componen las CC.SS. para dar una solución más efectiva a este fenómeno.