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El presente libro sitúa el tradicionalmente llamado problema de España en las coordenadas histórico-políticas que evidencian su verdadera dimensión. Según el autor, España se ha ajustado con dificultad a la fórmula política del estado-nación; de acuerdo con dicha tesis, habitual en la tradición europea. España sería una excepción, pues se constituye como suma de una pluralidad de identidades nacionales. Esta pluralidad se remonta a los reinos medievales que funcionaban con una gran autonomía, respetada por el imperio de Carlos V, primero, y prolongada después de forma secular. Sólo la monarquía borbónica pretendió reconducir el proceso hacia la fórmula política del estado-nación, pero los primeros vientos del romanticismo volvieron a impulsar las fuerzas centrífugas en su múltiple variedad, ya se manifestase bajo la fórmula del carlismo, del federalismo o de las distintas reinacenxas. Por todo ello, la unidad de España se constituye como una unidad compleja y diversa, en la que una proyección supranacional le da su verdadero sentido. Esta riqueza plural ha sido la fuente de tensiones políticas seculares ue perduran hasta el presente, aunque ahora con la esperanza puesta en su superación definitiva, al estar embarcado nuestro país en la construcción del proyecto supranacional que es la Unión Europea.
Jose Luis Abellan
José Luis Abellán es Doctor en Filosofía y Diplomado en Psicología. Catedrático de Historia de la Filosofía Española en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ha sido miembro del Consejo Ejecutivo de la UNESCO (1983-86) en España y en París (1983-1985) en representación de España. Ha presidido hasta el año 2009 el Ateneo Científico, Literario y Artístico de Madrid (2001) y ha sido profesor y conferenciante en numerosas universidades de Europa y América. Entre sus obras destaca la monumental Historia crítica del pensamiento español (7 volúmenes, 1979-1991), así como sus estudios sobre Unamuno, Ortega y Gasset, María Zambrano, Erasmo y el exilio español, entre otros temas y personajes.
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