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Desde una perspectiva crítica, Gilbert Rist repasa la historia de una idea, la del desarrollo, que ha fascinado a las sociedades del Norte y del Sur. Esta obra analiza los presupuestos básicos en los que se sustenta el desarrollo, la evolución de éste a través de la historia y las acciones que se han puesto en práctica bajo esa denominación, hasta la creación del concepto de subdesarrollo, acuñada por el presidente Truman. Basta examinar cualquier informe sobre la situación del desarrollo en el mundo para darse cuenta del fracaso de las políticas, las acciones y las medidas que estaban destinadas a su consecución. El libro nos muestra las causas profundas que han llevado a ese estado de cosas donde el fondo de la cuestión radica en que la pobreza es la consecuencia del subdesarrollo y no su causa; por tanto, la lucha contra la pobreza debe ser un objetivo prioritario, siempre que no olvidemos que la verdadera enfermedad es el subdesarrollo. El libro de Rist, además de subrayar esa labor de denuncia sobre las implicaciones de una cierta e interesada utilización del desarrollo, es desafiante en la medida en que ofrece claves para interpretar en qué se ha fallado, sacando a la luz fundamentadas reflexiones sobre el pasado, el presente y el futuro del desarrollo. Con toda seguridad los creyentes del desarrollo encontrarán en esta obra el lugar para poner a prueba sus convicciones, y los no creyentes podrán contar con una poderosa arma de denuncia fundamentada y rigurosa.
Gilbert Rist
Profesor emérito del Instituto Universitario de Estudios Internacionales y del Desarrollo (IHEID, antes IUED) de Ginebra. Ha dirigido el Centro Europa-Tercer Mundo y ha colaborado con la Universidad de las Naciones Unidas y ha impartido clases en Sciences Po París. Es autor de L'Économie ordinaire entre songes et mensonges (Presses de Sciences Po, 2010).
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