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Las Disputaciones tienen como tema central el modo de alcanzar la felicidad y la serenidad; como no se trata de una obra simplificadora, tratan los mayores obstáculos para obtenerla. Las Disputaciones tusculanas (del año 44 a.C. y dirigidas a Marco Bruto) consisten en un tratado filosófico en cinco libros, compuesto en forma de conversaciones entre dos personajes, M. y A. Su tema central es cómo alcanzar la felicidad y la serenidad, y puesto que no se trata de una obra fácil, afronta con valor los mayores obstáculos para la consecución de este fin. El propio Cicerón nos ofrece un esquema de la obra en el prólogo a Sobre la adivinación: "las Disputaciones tusculanas [...] trataban de los fundamentos de la vida feliz, la primera sobre el desprecio de la muerte, la segunda sobre soportar el dolor, la tercera sobre mitigar el dolor, la cuarta sobre las perturbaciones psicológicas y la quinta sobre la corona de toda la filosofía, la afirmación (estoica) de que la virtud es en sí misma suficiente para la vida feliz." La obra posee la fuerza de lo íntimamente sentido, y tiene un trasfondo biográfico: fue escrita al año de la muerte de su amada hija Tulia, que sumió a Cicerón en una profunda tristeza. En sus últimos tres años se apartó de la vida política y se recluyó en su villa de Túsculo, donde se consagró a la creación literaria; éste es el más personal de los escritos de esta época.
Marco Tulio Ciceron
Marco Tulio Cicerón pertenecía a una familia acomodada lo que le permitió desarrollar sus estudios en Roma. Sus primeros pasos se dirigieron hacia la jurisprudencia, la filosofía y la retórica, realizando un viaje por Grecia para conocer la cultura helenística. En el año 77 a.C. regresó a Roma iniciando el cursus honorum al año siguiente. Fue nombrado cuestor en Sicilia y en el año 67 obtuvo el cargo de pretor desde el que apoyó a Pompeyo. Tres año más tarde fue elegido cónsul. El Triunvirato de Pompeyo, Craso y César motivaría la decadencia de Cicerón ya que fue condenado al exilio durante un año. La muerte de César le acercó de nuevo a la política. Antonio dirigió contra él a sus sicarios, que le dieron muerte cerca de Fornia.
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